Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspect

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable strength to shield delicate skin. This calming ingredient has long been used in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective properties. Establishing a physical barrier on the skin's exterior, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful UV rays